Bharatanatyam, one of the most revered classical dance forms of India, has been greatly influenced by ancient texts and treatises. The interaction of these texts with the traditional practice of Bharatanatyam has resulted in the rich and vibrant dance form it is today.
1. Natya Shastra
Natya Shastra, attributed to the sage Bharata, is one of the most significant ancient Indian texts that has had a profound impact on the development and practice of Bharatanatyam. It is considered the foundation of Indian performing arts, encompassing music, dance, and drama. The text provides detailed insights into various aspects of dance, including body movements, gestures, facial expressions, and emotions.
2. Silappadikaram
Silappadikaram, an epic Tamil text, holds a special place in the tradition of Bharatanatyam. It narrates the story of Kannagi, a woman of exemplary chastity, and is known for its depiction of dance and music in the ancient Tamil society. The text has served as a source of inspiration for many Bharatanatyam compositions and choreographies.
3. Abhinaya Darpana
Abhinaya Darpana, authored by Nandikeshvara, is a treatise specifically dedicated to the subtleties of abhinaya (expressional aspect) in Indian classical dance forms, including Bharatanatyam. It delves into the nuances of expressing emotions through gestures, facial expressions, and body language, offering valuable guidance to dancers.
4. Bharata's Natya Shastra
Bharata's Natya Shastra is a comprehensive and intricate text that outlines the principles and practices of dance, theater, and music. It provides detailed instructions for the performance of various types of dance, including the graceful movements and expressive elements that define Bharatanatyam. This ancient text has played a pivotal role in shaping the aesthetics and grammar of Bharatanatyam.
5. Sangita Ratnakara
Sangita Ratnakara, a Sanskrit text by Sarangadeva, encompasses a wide range of topics related to music, dance, and drama. It addresses the intricate connections between rhythm, melody, and choreography, offering valuable insights into the musical elements intertwined with Bharatanatyam.
These classical dance texts have not only contributed to the theoretical framework of Bharatanatyam but also inspired generations of dancers to delve deeper into the cultural and spiritual essence embedded within the dance form. At dance classes and workshops worldwide, the wisdom contained in these texts continues to guide and inspire both students and seasoned practitioners of Bharatanatyam.